Photographic shutter



Oct. 12, 1943. A, l wrrz 2,331,568

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER Filed July 19, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet l Oct. '12,1943. RA. G. PIRWITZ ,5

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER Filed July 19, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 jdl INVEN'IQR.

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.3 Ads 14 florngy 2, 1943- F. A. G. PlRWlTZ 2,331,568

rno'romurmc SHUTTER Filed July 19, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 Oct. 12, 1943.F. A. G. PIRWITZ 2,331,568

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER Filed July 19, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 Oct. 1943. F.A. G. PlRWlTZ 2,331,568

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER Filed July 19, 1941 s Sheets-Sheet 5 j %z'sATTORNEY.

Oct. 12, 1943. F. A. G. PlRWlTZ 2,331,563

mowoemrmc SHUTTER Filed Jlily 19, 1941' I v8 Sheets-Sheet 6 F. A. G.PlRWlTZ PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER Filed July 19, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 Oct.12, 1943. F. A. G". PIRWITZ 2,331,563

rnowoemrmc SHUTTER v Filed July 19, 1941 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Jis ATTORNEYIn? 27 JF'JZCA/M' 39 7 I 26 G I I Patented Oct. 12,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,331,568 rnoroommc snu'r'n-za Friedrich a.Gustav Pirwitz, Rochester, n. r; asslgnor to Wollensak Optical Company,Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application July 19, 1941,Serial No. 403,077 24 Claims. (01. ss-sa) This invention relates to aphotographic shut ter, with particular reference to a shutter cf the settype in which a master operating member is placed under tension by amanually operated setting lever and upon release eflects operation theshutter either for time, bulb, or instantaneous exposures of anyselected speed, and has for its P lo e to ailord a compact arangement ofsimpler and fewer parts than heretofore which enables higher speedinstantaneous .exposures than prior shutter mechanisms of this type andwhich lends itself to quieter and more accurate operations.

More particularly the invention has for its object to ,ailord amechanism that will permit eflicient and accurate control of a shutteroperation for instantaneous exposures up to 34 part of a second, whilereducing the noise incidental to such operation to a minimum andavoiding excessive wear of any of the parts.

In prior structures, the shutter is held in normal or closed positionand returned to such position by a spring, and it is an objective of thepresent invention to avoid the disadvantages of such a mechanism byopening and closing the shutter through a positive engagement of themaster operating member with parts connected to the shutter blades andto retain the shutter in closed position by engagement of the masteroperating member, thus avoiding the necessity of having to overcome thetension of a spring upon opening the shutter, and to this extentincreasing the eillciency and speed of the mechanism.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a masteroperatingmemberhaving an operating end portion with a relatively longstroke, sumcient to permit such operating end portion while traveling in'one direction to engagea shutter actuating lever to open the shutterand thereafter to engage other means connected to the shutter forclosing the same and to remain engaged with the shutter means at thelimit of its stroke to hold the shutter in closed position, thusproviding amaster operating .member that cooperates in a practicalfashion with a single stop member controlling either time or bulbexposures,

of the invention is to provide a retarding mechanism associated with acontrol end portion of the master operating member having a relativelyshort stroke'while exerting a pushing action against the retardingmechanism during operation of the shutter and acting to engage andretain the retardingmechanism in inactive position at the limit of suchmovement, said control end portion being withdrawn from engagement withthe retarding mechanism to releas the latter when the master operatingmember is set.

An additional purpose of the invention is to at- V ford a singleone-piece stop member that is selectively positionable for cooperationwith the master operating member to govern its move ments for eithertime or bulb exposures and the movement of which is accuratelydetermined by a single trig er which-releases the master operatingmember and also controls and actuates the stop member.

Still a further object of the invention is toafiord a' master operatingmember that is constructed so as to enable practical and eiilcientAnother purpose of the invention is to afford a master operating memberconstructed so as to permit locating a delayed action mechanism aboveaportion thereof, and to cooperate with i such delayed actionmechanismefl'iciently and accurately, the .latter including an escapement devicethat is engaged and retained by the operating end portion of the masteroperating member at either of its'extreme positions and a means that isinterposed in the :path of the master opcrating member and iswithdrawnfrom such path after the predetermined interval of time has elapsed.

Still a further object oi the invention is to aiford a, compactarrangement of the various parts that can be located a housing ofacceptable size and in which the noise of mov-- ing parts is reduced toa minimum while there is no movement of any part after the instant ywhen the shutter is closed.

To these and other ends, the invention consists in the construction andarrangement of parts that will appear clearly from the followingdescription when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, thenovel'features being pointed out in the claims following thespeciflcation. V

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a photographic shutter constructed inaccordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan view similar to Fig. l, with the cover orindex plate removed, and showing the adjustable controlling cam and theparts with which it cooperates;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 with the controlling cam removed, andshowing the normal or inactive position of the parts, prior to settingthe master operating member;

Fig. 5 is a similar view with parts removed,

' showing the position of the trigger and master operating member whenthe latter has been set andthe stop member adjusted to position for a atime exposure;

Fig. 6 is a similar view showing the position of the same parts when thetrigger has been initially operated to the limit of its movement in onedirection to open the shutter for a time exposure;

Fig. '7 is a similar iew showing the position of the same parts when thetrigger has been released and returned to initial position, the masteroperating member and stop member appearing in the positions just. priorto the final time exposure operation of the trigger for closing theshutter;

Fig. 8 is a similar view showing the position of the same parts when themaster operating member has been set and the stop member adjusted toposition for a bulb exposure;

Fig. 20 is a view in side elevation of the same;

Fig. 21 is a plan view of the housing, showing a one of the shutterblades;

Fig. 22 is a detail plan view of the gear member of the delayed actionmechanism with which the operating lever therefor cooperates, and I Fig.23 is a detail sectional view on the line 23-23 of Fig. 21.

- Referring more particularly to the drawings, which are approximatelythree times actual size of the mechanism in order to make clear theconstruction and operation of the smaller parts, and to Figs. 1 to 3inclusive, I designates a side wall of a case or housing containing theshutter mechanism, 2 is a stationary cover or index plate suitablysecured to the central collar 3 and located in the recessed face of therotatively adjustable controlling cam 4. The latter has a knurled outeredge 5 to permit adjusting it, and carries a series of indicationsaround its outer edge and adjacent to the cover plate 2 for cooperationwith the index mark or indication 6 on the index plate. The controllingcam is turned to position it to select either a time, bulb, orinstantaneous exposure from A to part of a second, and when adjustedcooperates with the master operating member, stop member, and retardingmechanism in a manner that will appear presently.

The shutter is under the control of a master operating member which ismanually set or put under spring tension by the operator either beforeor after adjusting the controlling cam 4 for Fig. 9' is a similar viewshowing the position of the same parts when the trigger has beeninitially operated to the limit of its movement in one direction to openthe shutter for a bulb exposure;

Fig. 10 is a similar view showing the position of the same parts whenthe master operating member has been set and the stop member adjustedfor an instantaneous operation;

Fig. 11 is a similar view showing the position of the same parts afterthe trigger has been operated, the master operating member appearing inthe course of its operating stroke after it has been released by thetrigger and has moved far enough to open the shutter and just prior toits final shutter closing movement;

Fig. 12 is a similar view with parts removed,

and showing the cooperating controlling means between the delayed actionmechanism and the master operating member;

Fig. 13 is a similar view showing the master o erating member in theposition it occupies when retained by the delayed action mechanism;

Fig. 14 is an enlarged detail side elevation, partially in section,showing the operating end portion of the master operating member, theshutter actuating lever, and the trigger in normal or inactivepositions;

Fig. 15 is a similarview showing the position of the same parts afterthe master operating member has been set and engaged by the trigger;

Fig. 16 is a similar view showing the position of the same parts afterthe trigger has been operated to release the master operating member,and the latter has engaged the shutter actuating lever to open theshutter;

Fig. 17 is a plan view of the trigger;

. Fig. 18 is a view in side elevation of the same;

Fig. 19 is a plan view of the master operating member;

a time or bulb exposure and before or after tensioning the delayedaction mechanism if this is used in conjunction with an instantaneousexposure, and the construction and operation of the master operatingmember will now be described.

Referring to Figs. 5 to '7, l9 and 20, the master operating membercomprises a lever pivoted on a post 8 and including an elongated curvedcentral portion 9 above which is located the delayed action mechanism tobe described later, an operating end portion i0, and a control endportion II by which the master operating member is set. The control endportion ll carries instrumentalities cooperating with the stop memberand with the retarding mechanism in a manner that will be describedpresently and the operating end portion I0 is retained by the triggerwhen set and when released serves to operate the shutter.

Due to the construction of the master-operating member and the relationof its pivotal point to its end portions, the operating end portion l0has a relatively long stroke in a direction generally circumferentiallyof the housing, suflicient to effect positive opening and closingmovements of'the shutter during its travel in one direction from setposition to normal position, while the control end portion has arelatively short stroke crosswise of the housing for governing theretarding mechanism and for cooperation with the stop member.

The master operating member is held in its of a setting" lever l4, seeFig. 4, that is suitably pivoted in the housing and carries an upstand-2,331,568 ing lug l5, which engages a curved edge IS on the control endportion of the master operating member so as to swing the latter aboutits pivot from the normal position shown in Fig. 4 to the set positionsuch for instance as shown in Fig. 5, the setting lever l4 beingreturned to its initial position by a suitable spring l1.

When the master operating member is thus set, it is retained in setposition by a trigger pivoted on the post l9 and held in normal positionby a spring 20, while 2| is a finger piece for operating the trigger.Referring to Figs. 5, 17 and 18, the trigger includes a locking portionor tail piece 22 carried by an arm 23 and separated from the body of thetrigger by a slot 24, while 25 is a bevelled surface at the front of thetail piece 22. The operating end portion 59 of the master operatingmember is provided with means for lockingly engaging said trigger, suchmeans consisting of a depending lug or finger 26, see Figs. 14 to 16,and 19, the spring character of the master operating member permittingsaid depending lug or finger 23 to ride upwardly over the bevelledsurface 25 of the trigger during the setting operation. At the limit ofthe setting movement of the master operating member, the lug 28 dropsinto the slot 24 behind the looking portion 22, in the manner shown inFig. 15. thereby holding the master operating member in set positionuntil the trigger is operated to release it. When the trigger isoperated, the master operating member moves to its normal position intwo steps, if there is a time or bulb exposure, or by a continuousmovement if an instantaneous exposure, and during such return movementof the master operating member, the shutter is opened and closedsuccessively by posi tive engagement of the actuating instrumentalhties, and the mechanism by which the shutter is.

thus operated will now be described.

Referring to Figs. 21 and 23, there are a series of shutter blades 21each of which is pivotally mounted on an operating ring 28 and carries astop 29 that is guided in a slot 311 of the supporting plate 3| so thatas the ring 28 is turned first in one direction and then in the other,the several shutter blades are moved inwardly or outwardly successivelyto open and close the shutter. In order to effect this o eration. therin 28 carries a pin or projection 32. see Figs. and 6, which extendsinto the path of means on the operating end portion of the masteroperating member, which actuates the pin 32 to the position shown inFig. 4 to close the shutter and retain it closed. The pin 32 also liesin the path of a shutter actuating lever 33 which operates the shutterto open position and in turn is moved by the master operating member inthe following manner.

To accomplish the movements just described, the operating end portion ofthe master operating member is provided with means comprising a nose orhook portion 34 that engages the p jection 32 to move the shutter toclosed position, the said nose 34 being engaged with the pin 32 when themaster operating member is in normal position, as shown in Fig. 4. Whenthe shutter is set, said nose 34 moves away from the pin 32, as shown inFigs. 5 and 6, and during the initial part of the return movement of themaster operating member after it is released by operation of thetrigger, the shutter is opened by the shutter actuating lever 33 that ispivoted on a post 35, see Fig. 12, and has a slot 36 which embraces thepin 32.

The actuating lever 33 carries a tail piece 31 having a bevelled face99, and the operating end portion of the master member carries meansconsisting of a dog 39 that rides over said bevelled surface 38 and tailpiece 31, as the master operating member is set, to occupy the positionshown in Fig. 15, the dog 3.9 being then located behind the tail piece31. When the master operating member is released upon moving thetrioger, its initial return movement causes the dog 39 to engage thetail piece 31 of the shutter actuating lever and topush the latter fromthe position shown in Fig. 5 to the position shown in Fig. 6 to open theshutter. During this movement, the lever 33 rocks on its axis, as theshutter is opened, until the dog 33 clear the tail piece 31, and uponcontinuing movement of the master operating member, the nose 34 engagespin 32 and returns the shutter to closed po sition.

In order to prevent any movement of the shutter blades when the masteroperating member is set and moved out of engagement with the pin 32,there is preferably provided a leaf spring 4|, see Fig; 12, whichengages a notch 42 in the shutter actuating lever and retains the latterby a yielding engagement in its initial position with the shutterclosed. The spring 4| is fixedly mounted at one end on a support in thehousing and permits the shutter actuating lever to move out ofengagement therewith for opening the shutter, as already described. Thusit will be seen that the shutter is normally held closed by positiveengagement of the master operating member, it is positively moved toopen position by the shutter actuating lever, and is finally moved toclosed position by positive engagement of the master operating member,the length of stroke of the operating end portion of the master memberbeing sufllcient' to permit such opening and closing movements of theshutter durin movement of the said operating end portion in onedirection. It will be understood that the opening and closing operationsof the shutter as just described ar separated by an interval for time orbulb exposures, and the mechanism by which this time interval iscontrolled will now be described.

The control end portion of the master operating member is provided withan upstanding arm 44 with which cooperates a single, one-piece stopmember 45 that is in the nature of an arcuate plate pivoted on the post46, see Fig. 5, and

having an upstanding lug 41 that extends through a cam slot 48 in thecontrolling cam, see. Fig. 3, so as to adjust the stop member 45 whenthe controlling cam is turned. The -stop member 45 is actuated inwardlyby a spring 49, see Fig. 11, and limited in its inward movement by aprojection 5| extending upwardly from the trigger into thepath of thestop member 45, as

shown in Fig. 5.

The stop member is provided on its outer edge adjacent to its free endwith an opening or recess 52 which permits movement of the arm 44inwardly to the normal position shown in Fig. 4; and stop portions 53and 54 on opposite sides of said recess 52, said stop portionsfunctioning to engage the arm 44 and retain the master operating memberagainst further movement after the shutter has been opened, for time andbulb exposures respectively, depending upon the position of the stopmember as determined by adjustment of the controlling cam alreadyreferred to. The stop member 45 is also provided with slots or recesses55 and 55 and a cam surface 51 to receive the projection 5| on thetrigger when the latter is operated, in a manner that will appearpresently.

When the controlling cam 4 is adjusted for a time exposure, theprojection 41 on the stop member is in the cut-away portion 58 of thecontrolling cam and the stop member is free to move inwardly, beinglimited only by the projection 5| on the trigger, see Fig. 5. When themaster operating member is set, as already described, the arm 44 movesoutwardly from the recess or cut-away portion 52 until it occupies theposition shown in Fig. 5, the stop member 45 being yieldable outwardlyagainst its controlling spring to permit such movement of the arm 44.Upon operating the trigger, its projection 5| moves from the positionshown in Fig. 5 into the slot 55 of the stop member, as shown in Fig. 6,permitting a corresponding inward movement of the stop member 45 underthe action of its spring. This movement of the trigger releases themaster operating member in the manner already described, and when themas- Lei operating member has moved sufliciently to open the shutter,the stop portion 53 will have moved over into the path of the arm 44,see Fig. 6. on the control end portion of the master operating member,thus holding the latter against further movement until a secondoperation of the trigger.

When the trigger is released from the position shown in Fig. 6, theparts move to the position illustrated in Fig. 7, in which the stopportion 53 retains the arm 44 against movement until a second operationof the trigger. The stop member is held in this position by thefrictional engagement of the arm 44 thereagainst under the action of thespring which controls the master operating member and which at suchmoment is actuating the arm 44 inwardly against the outer edge of thestop member, and thereby holding the latter against outward movement.Consequently when the trigger is again operated to close the shutter,the projection 5| on the trigger enters the slot 56 of the stop member45, engaging the cam surface 59 at one side of said slot and therebymoving the stop member outwardly from the position shown in Fig. '7, andreleasing the arm 44 which is then free to move into the recess 52 ofthe stop member and to permit the master operating member to completeits movement and close the shutter in the manner previously described.

When the stop member is set for a bulb exposure, the lug 41, see Fig. 3,is'engaged by the portion 6| of the controlling cam which is rotated tothis extent, thus moving the stop member outwardly to the position shownin Fig. 8 so that the stop portion 54 is located in the path of the arm44 on the master operating member -when the latter is released. With theparts in the position shown in Fig. 8, when the trigger is operated tothe limit of its movement in one direction to release the masteroperating member, the projection 5| on the trigger engages the camsurface 51 on the stop member 45 and moves the stop member outwardly soas to bring said stop portion 54 into the path of the arm 44 and retainthe latter against further movement, as shown in Fig. 9, until thetrigger is released, whereupon the stop member moves inwardly under theaction of its controlling spring to its normal position and the arm 44is free to enter the recess 52 and permit the master operating member toregulate the speed at which it moves upon release, and in the presentconstruction, the arrangement is such that the master operating memberduring the final portion of its operating movement exerts a continuouspushing action on a part of the retarding mechanism. The I retardingmechanism is not released for action until the master operating memberis set or put under tension, and the master operating member at'the endof its operating movement is engaged with the retarding mechanism andretains it against any movement until another setting operation of themaster lever. The mechanism by which this is accomplished will now bedescribed in detail.

The control end portion of the master operating member is provided withan upstanding lug 63 which engages an extension 64, see Figs. 4 and 12,on the gear element 65 forming part of the retarding mechanism, andthereby holds the retarding mechanism in inactive position, as shown inFig. 4, until the master operating member is set. Thereupon the mg 63moves away from the extension 64 and releases the retarding mechanism,the gear element 65 then moving to the position shown in Fig. 11, wherethe extension 64 is in position to be reengaged by the lug 63 during theoperating movement of the master operating member.

The gear element 65 is pivoted on the post 65 and moved inwardly underthe impulse of the spring 61, being limited in such movement by thestationary arm 68 that is in the path of the upstanding projection 69 onthe gear element. The gear element 65,engages a pinion ll mount ed on anarbor which carries a gear I2, see Figs. 4 and 12, which in turn engagesa pinion 13 on an arbor that carries the escapement wheel 14, the latterbeing engaged by the spring-actuated escapement lever 15, as usual inthis type of construction. The escapement lever 15 is mounted on aspring-actuated pivoted plate 16 that carries an upstanding pin 11extending through a slot 18 in the stationary plate 19. The pin 11 ofthe escapement lever extends through a slot 8| in the controlling cam,see Fig. 3', the slot being so formed as to move the escapement leverout of engagement with the escapement wheel when the controlling cam isset for instantaneous'exposures of higher speeds and also for the timeand bulb exposures.

The gear element 65 also is provided with a slot 82 in its operatingedge beyond the range of its pinion teeth and adapted to engage a pin 83on the gear 12 so as to change the speed ratio between these parts andthus reduce the resistances ofiered by the retarding mechanism forcertain speeds, this particular arrangement being in accordance with thedisclosure of my earlier Patent No. 2,165,574, July 11, 1939. Theprincipal difierence between the retarding mechanism herein disclosedand that of the earlier patent referred to is that in the priarstructure, the master controlling member wiped over the retardingmechanism during its operating movement and then released it, theretarding mechanism returning to its normal position after itsdisengagement from the master operating member and immediately upon theclosing of the shutter, whereas in the present structure, the masteroperating member through the lug83 exerts a pushing action against theretarding mechanism and retains contact therewith at the end of itsoperating movement. The retarding mechanism is thus held out of activepostition while the master operating member ,is in its normal positionand is not returned to active position by its spring until released bythe lug 83, when the master operating member is again set, in the manneralready described.

After the master operating member is set, it is necessary to hold theretarding mechanism in different initial positions to exert varyingresistances upon the movement of the master operating member fordiiferent speeds of exposure, and this is accomplished through theupstanding projection 68 on the gear element 85, said projectionextending through the slot 84 in the controlling cam, see Figs. 3 and 8,so that when the controlling cam is adjusted for any particularexposure, after setting the master operating member, the controlling camholds the retarding mechanism in the proper position. .For a timeexposure, the controlling cam is adjusted so that the projection 88rests against the portion 85 of the slot 84, see Fig. 3. When the cam isadjusted for a bulb exposure, the projection 88 rests against thesurface 88 of the cam, for the lower speeds of instantaneous exposures,the cam is positioned so that the projection 88 rests against someportion of the surface 81 of the cam, and for-the higher speeds, thecontrolling cam is adjusted so that the projection 68 engages someportion of the surface 88 of the cam in which position the escapementpawl previously described is withdrawn from cooperation with theescapement wheel and retarding mechanism. It is also desirable to imposeadditional spring tension on the master operating member for the highestspeed, and this is attained by a supplemental coil spring 88 mounted ona post 8|, said spring having its lower end engaging the control portionof the master operating member while its upper end lies in the path of alug 82 on the inner face of the controlling cam so that when the latteris adjusted for the highest speed of /400 part of a second, saidprojection 82 engages the upper end of the spring 88 to tension thelatter and'thus impart additional power to the master operating creasingits speed of movement. a

The structure thus far described has to do with the operationof .theshutter for time, bulb, or instantaneous exposures, and the master:operating member and its associated parts are so designed as tocooperate with a delayed action mechanism so that upon operating thetrigger, an instantaneous exposure of anyselected speed will take placeafter a predetermined interval,

.and the'stru'cture of thedelayed action mechanism and its control ofthe master member will now be described.

Referring to Figs: 4, 12, 13 and 22, the delayed action mechanismincludes a supporting plate 94 that is pivotally mounted on a post 85and is operating 81 engaging the side wall of the housing, see Fig. 13,and thereby moving the plate, when released,

in position to engage the master operating mem- Figs. 12 and 13, andwhen in the position shown in Fig. 13, said dog 88 engages a shoulder 88on I themaster operating member, and when the dog member for inslottedat '88 to afiord a yleldable spring portion 88 is moved laterally to theposition shown in Fig. 12, it is displaced from the path of the shoulder88 and the master operating member .isfree to continue its operatingmovement.

The position of the supporting plate 84. is determined by an operatinglever IOI mounted on a post I02 and carrying a plate provided withoppositely arranged spring fingers I83 which ride over a series ofradially arranged slots I04 on a. gear I05 when the lever IOI is turnedin one direction, and which engage said slots to actuate said gear uponthe return movement of the lever IOI, the operating lever being returnedto its initial position by a spring I88.

The lever lfll has a cut-away portion which receives the end I01 of thesupporting plate 84, see Fig. 13, and at opposite endsof said cut-awayportion are the surfaces I08 and I09 which engage said end portion IOIof the supporting plate at the extreme positions of the lever NH. Thereturn movement of the lever IOI to its initial position is controlledby a train of gears engaging the aforementioned gear I85 and includingan escapement wheel III that is controlled by a pivoted escapement leverH3, see Fig. 4. The escapement lever H3 is pivoted on a post I I4 andincludes means for engaging the master operating member whereby thelatter in either of its extreme positions engages the escapement leverand holds it against movement. Said means comprises an arm H5 at theouter end of the escapement lever and a pin H6 extending laterally fromthe inner end of the escapement lever, said arm and pin being disposedin the path of a stop III that is mounted on the'operating-end portionof the master operating member.

With this arrangement, when the master operating member is in normalposition, the stop III engages the lateral pin H6 on the escapementlever, as shown in Fig. 4, and holds the escapement lever againstmovement. With the parts in this position, the delayed action mechanismcan be set by moving the operating lever IIII outwardly to any desiredextent determined by the length of interval that is desired. Eitherbefore or after the delayed action mechanism is set, the masteroperating member can be set in the manner already described, and whenthus set, the stop II! will have moved to the position indi= cated indotted lines in 'Fig. 4 and engaged the arm H5 on the escapement lever,thus holding the latter and the delayed action mechanism againstmovement until the trigger is released.

It will be understood that during the setting action of the masteroperating member, there is sufflcient spring to the supporting plate 84on which the dog 88 is carried to permit the shoulder 88 to ride underthe locking dog 88, which latter is then in position to engage saidshoulflcientlyto open the shutter is prevented by the dog 88 engagingthe shoulder 88, as shown in Fig. 13. This holds the master operating'member against further movement until the delayed action mechanism hascompleted its return movemerit, whereupon the stop I08 on the lever.llll

engages the extremity I01 01 the plate 04 and swings said platesufflciently to disengage dog 98 from the shoulder 99' on the'masteroperating member, which is then tree to completeits operating movement,opening and closing the shutter successively, in the manner previouslydescribed.

with a master operating member, of a shutter blade operating ringmovable. in opposite directions and a shutteractuating lever connectedwith said operating ring and operating'to move itonly in one direction,the shutter actuating lever being movablein opposite directions, meanson the operating ring located in the path of the,

master operating member and engaged thereby when the shutter is closed,and instrumentalities formed integrally with and rigidly mounted on themaster operating member and acting successively to engage and move saidshutter actuating lever to open the shutter and to engage said means onthe operating ring to close the shutter, said rigid instrumentalities onthe master operating member'being located on opposite sides of thepivotal axis of said shutter actuating lever.

2. In a photographic shutter, the'combination with a master op ratingmember, a shutter blade operating ring movable in opposite directions, aprojection on the operating ring located in the path of a portion formedintegrally with and rigidly mounted on the master operating member andengaged thereby when the shutter is closed, and a shutter actuatinglever connected to said operating ring and operating to move it in onedirection only, said shutter actuating lever being located between saidring and the master operating member and movable in opposite directions,the latter being provided withmeans formed integrally therewith andrigidly mounted thereon that engages and moves said shutter actuatinglever, the master operating member acting while traveling in onedirection to first engage and move the shutter actuating lever andshutter bladeoperatingrlng to open the shutter and then to engage andmove the shutter blade operating ring to close the shutter and furtheracting to hold the shutter closed.

3. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a master operatingmember,. of a shutter blade operating ring movable in oppositedirections, a projection on the blade operating ring. a shutteractuating lever connected with said operating ring and operating to moveit in one direction only, means formed integrally with and rigidlymounted on the master operating member that engages and, moves saidactuating lever to open the shutter, said actuating lever being movablein opposite directions, and additional means iormed integrally with andrigidly mounted on the master operating member that engages saidprojection after the shutter is open and eflects closing of the shutterand retains the shutter in closed position by continued engagement withsaid projection. e r 4. In a photographic shutter, the combination witha master operating member, of a'shutter blade operating ring movable inopposite directions, a projection on the blade operating ring,

a pivoted shutter actuating lever connected with said ring and operatingto move it in one direction only, said. shutter actuating lever beinglocated between the ring and the master operating member and movable inopposite directions, means formed integrally with and rigidly mounted atthe inner edge of the master operating member which engages saidprojection acting to 10 move the blade operating ring in one directionand which retains the shutter in closed position by continued engagementwith said projection.

/ and means formed integrally with and rigidly mounted at the outer edgeof the master operating member which engages said shutter actuatinglever acting to move the ring in the opposite direction and to open theshutter during the initial part of the operating movement of the mastermember. 1

2o 5. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a, masteroperating member, of a shutter blade operating ring movable in oppositedirections, a projection on the blade operating ring, .a shutteractuating lever connected to said projection and operating to move it inone direction only, said shutter actuating lever being moved by themaster operating memberduring the intial part of its operating traveland acting to move the blade operating ring and open the shutter, theshutter actuating lever being movable in opposite directions, meansformed integrally with and rigidly mounted on the master operatingmember having engagement with said shutter actuating lever to movethelatter, and separate means formed integrally with and rigidly mountedon the master operating member engageable during the latter part of itsoperating travel with said projection on the blade operating'ring andacting to move the ring in the opposite direction and to retain thelatter with the shutter in closed position by continued engagement withsaid projection.

6. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a master operatingmember, of a shutter blade operating ring movable in oppositedirections, a projection on the blade operating ring, oscillatoryinstrumentalities actuated by a portion formed integrally with andrigidly mounted on the master operating member during the initial partof its operating travel which engage said projection and move it in onedirection to open the shutter, 's'aid instrumentalities beingmovable inopposite directions, and means formed integrally with and rigidlymounted on the master operating member engageable during the latter partof its, operating stroke with said pi-ojection and acting to move thelatter in the opposite direction to close the shutter and retain it inclosed position by continued engagement ed "with said projection. '1. Ina photographic shutter, the combination with a master operating member,.of a shutter blade operating ring movable in opposite direci tions, aprojection on the blade operating ring,,

6 a pivoted shutter actuating lever connected to said projection andoperating to ,move it in one direction only, an operating portion formedintegrally with and rigidly mounted on said master operating memberacting when the latter travels 7| in one direction for setting toslide-oversaid shutter actuating lever and to move the latter when Xtraveling inthe opposite direction during the operating travel or themaster member to move 1 the blade operating ring and open the shutter,76 .said shutter actuating lever beingmovable in opposite directions,and separate means formed in tegrally with and rigidly mounted on themaster operating member engageable with said projection and acting tomove said ring in the opposite direction and retain the shutter closedby continued engagement with said projection, a pivoted trigger having aretaining portion, and locking means carried by the master operatingmember and slidable over said retaining portion into engagementtherewith during the setting movement of the master operating member.

8. In a photographic shutter of the set type, the combination with amaster operating member that is operable to efiect movement of theshutter for time, bulb, or instantaneous expo sures, of a single,pivoted spring-actuated stop member that is selectively positionable andwhich cooperates with said master operating member to control itsmovements for time or bulb exposures, said stop member having acamportion anda plurality of slots at one edge and a trigger movableindependently of the stop member and operatively associated with saidmaster operating member and acting to release the same, the triggerhaving means engageable with vsaid cam portion and slots in the stopmember and acting to govern the position of the latter.

9. In a photographic shutter of the set type.

the combinationwith a master-operating member that is operable to efiectmovement of the shutter for time, bulb, or instantaneous exposures, of asingle pivoted stop member that is spring-actuated in one direction andis selectively positionable for cooperation with said master operatingmember to control its movements for time or bulb exposures, said stopmember having a cam portion and a plurality of slots at one edge, and atrigger movable independently of the stop member and operativelyassociated with said ern its positions during time or bulb exposures.

10. In a photographic shutter of the set type, the combination with amaster operating member that is operable to effect movement of theshutter for time, bulb, or instantaneous exposures, of a singlespring-actuated movable stop member cooperating with themaster-operating member to control its movements for time or bulb expo-'sures, said stop member having a cam portion and a plurality of slots atone edge, and a trigger movable independently of the stop member andoperatively associated with said master operating and stop members andacting to release the master operating member and having meansengageable with said cam portions and slots in the stop member acting togovern the position of the stop member during time or bulb exposures.

ger having means engageable with said cam portion and slots in the stopmember and acting to govern the positions of the stop member during timeor bulb exposures.

12. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a master operatingmember that is operable to eiiect movement of the shutter for time,bulb, or instantaneous exposures, of a single pivoted stop member thatis spring-actuated in one direction and is selectively positionable forcooperation with said master operating member to control itsmovements-for time or bulb exposures, said stop member having a recessin one edge, an arm on the master operating member that is movable intosaid recess during an instantaneous exposure, stop portions on oppositesides of said recess that engage and retain said arm during time andbulb exposures respectively, and a-trigger operatively associated withsaid master operating and stop members and acting to release the masteroperating member and to govern the positions of the stop member duringthe time or bulb exposures. I

13. In a photographic shutter, the, combination with a master operatingmember that is operable to effect movement of the shutter for time,bulb, or instantaneous exposures, ofa single stop member that is pivotedat one end and spring-actuated in one direction, said stop member beingselectively positionable for cooperation with the master operatingmember to control its movements for time or bulb exposures, the stopmember having a recess in one edge at itsfree end, an arm on the masteroperating member that is movable into said recess during aninstantaneous exposure, stop portions on opposite sides of said recessthat engage and retain said arm during time and bulb exposuresrespectively, a trigger operatively-associated. with said' masteroperating and stop members and acting to release the master operatingmember, and means carried by the trigger engageable with the oppositeedge of said stop member to actuate and control the positions of thestop member.

14. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a master operatingmember that is operable to eflect movement of the shutter for time,bulb, or instantaneous exposures, of a single stop member that isspring-actuated in one direction and is selectively positionable for,cooperation with the master operating member to control its movementsfor time or bulb exposures, said stop member having a recess in oneedg'eadjacent its free end and a plurality of slots in its opposite edgeintermediate its ends, an arm on the master operating member that ismovable into said recess during an instantaneous exposure, stop portionson opposite sides of said recess that engage and retain said arm-duringtime and bulb exposures respectively, a trigger operatively associatedwith said master operating and stop 11. In a photographic shutter of theset type,

the combination with a master operating member that is operable toefiect movement of the shutterfor time, bulb, or instantaneousexposures, of a single spring-actuated pivoted stop member that ispositionable to control the move ments of the master operating memberfor time or bulb exposures, said stop member having a cam portion and aplurality of slots at one edge,

members and acting to release the master operating member, and an arm onsaid trigger engageable with said opposite edge of the stop member andmovable intosaid slots for actuating and controlling the position of thestop member.

15. In a photographic shutter of ihe set type, the combination with amaster operating member that is positionable and operable to efi ectmovement of the shutter for time, bulb, or instantaneous exposures, ofspring-actuated retarding mechanism governing the instantaneousexposures and including a train of gears and a gear segmentoperativelyconnected thereto and having a portion located in the path of said along stroke, and a control end portion of its operating movement engagessaid portion of the gear segment with a pushing action, the gear'segmentbeing engaged by the movement of the shutter for time, bulb, orinstantaneous exposures, of spring-actuated retarding mechanismgoverning the instantaneous exposures and including a train of gears anda gear segment operatively connected thereto and hav-. ing a portionthat lies in the path of the master operating member and is engagedthereby and pushed to inactive position during the final portion of itsoperating movement, the master op- 2,331,568 master operating memberwhich during the final of the stop member and operatively associatedwith the operating end portion of the master operating member and thestop member andoperable to release the master operating member, thetrigger having means engageable with said cam portion and slots in thestop member acting to govern the positions of the stop member duringtime or bulb exposures.

20. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a pivotedoscillatory master operating member including an operating end portionthat is remote from its pivotal point and having a long stroke, and acontrol end portion located a short distance from its pivotal point andhaving a short stroke, of a shutter blade operating ring,

, a shutter actuating lever connected with said movable in oppositedirections, means on said crating member when in set position beingspaced from said portion and engaged therewith at the limit of itsoperating movement and acting to retain the gear segment and retardingmechanism in inactive position at all times when-the shutter is closedand the master operating member inactive and until the master operatingmemshutter closed and spaced therefrom when the master operating memberis in set position',the master operating member engaging said operatingportion with a pushing action until the gear segment andretardingmechanism are in inactive positions where they are retained Jay themaster operating member until the latter is reset.

18. In a" photographic shutter of the set type, t

the combination with a master operating member.that is positionable andoperable to effect movement ofthe shuttr for time, bulb, orinstantaneous exposures, of spring-actuated retarding mechanismgoverning the instantaneous exposures and including a train of gears'and a gear segment operatively connected thereto and having an operatingportion. located in the path oi the ter operating member, the latterengaging an retaining the gear segment and retarding mechanism in theirinactive positions when the shutter is closed and the master operatingmember is inactive and until released by resetting the master operatingmember.

19. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a, pivotedoscillatory master operating member including an operating end portionlocated remotely from its pivotal p int and having at a short distancefrom its pivotal point and having a short stroke, of a singlespring-actuated stop memberthat is selectively positionable and whichcooperates with-said control end portion of the master operating member,said stop member having a cam portion and a plurality of slots at oneedge, and a trigger movable independently rtion located operating ringand operating to move it only in one direction, the shutter actuatinglever being operating ring located in the path of the operating endportion of the master operating member and engaged thereby when theshutter is closed, and instrumentalities formed integrally with andrigidly mounted on the master operating member which successively engageand.

move said actuating lever to open the shutter. and engage said means onthe operating ring to close the shutter, said integral rigidinstrumentalities being located on opposite sides of the pivotal axis ofsaid actuating lever.

21. In a photographicshutter of the set type, the combination with apivoted oscillatory master operatmg member that is positionable andmovable to effect time, bulb, or instantaneous exposures, said masteroperating member including an operating end port. remote from itspivotal pointand having a long stroke and a control end portion at ashort distance from its pivotal point and having a short stroke, ofspring-actuated retarding mechanism including a train of gears and agear segment connected thereto and having a portion locatedin the pathof means carried by said control end portion of the master'operatingmember which engages said portion of the gear segment as the masteroperating member ap-T proaches the limit of its operating movementwhereby said means pushes said gear segment during said operatingmovement; the master operating member acting to engage said gear segmentand hold it and the gear train against movement while the shutter isclosed and the lease the same, a delayed action mechanism 10- cated overthe master operating member between its pivotalpoint and said operatingend portion,. 'said delayed action mechanism including means engageablewith the operatingend portion of the master operating member andoperable to hold it. against operating movement for a predetermined timeafter. its release by said trigger.

23. In a photographic shutter of the set type, the combination with apivoted oscillatorymaster operating member including an operating endportion remote from and opposite to its pivotal point and having alongstroke along substantially a straight line and a control end portionlocated a short distance from said pivotal point and having a shortstroke, of a shutter blade operating ring, a shutter actuating leverconnected with said operating ring for moving it in one direction, saidshutter actuating lever being movable in opposite directions, saidoperating ring having means located in the path of the operating endportion of the mastermember and engaged thereby when the shutter isclosed, instrumentalities fixed on the master operating member whichsuccessively engage said actuating lever and said means on the operatingring acting to efiect movements of the ring in opposite directions foropening and closing the shutter during travel of said operating endportion in one direction, a trigger engageable with said operating endportion, and a delayed action mechanism located over the masteroperating member between said operating end portion and said pivotalpoint and including means engageable with said operating end portion ofthe master operating member and operable to hold the latter againstmovement for a predetermined cated remotelyfrom and opposite to itspivotal point and having a long stroke along substantially a straightline and a control end portion located a short distance from its pivotalpoint and having a short stroke, of a shutter blade operating ring, ashutter actuating lever connected with said operating ring for moving itin one direction, said shutter actuating lever being movable in oppositedirections, said operating ring having means located in the path of theoperating end portion of the master member and engaged thereby when theshutter is closed, instrumentalities fixed on the master operatingmember which successively engage said actuating lever and said means onthe operating ring acting to effect movements of the ring in oppositedirections for opening and closing the shutter during travel of saidoperating end portion in one direction, a trigger engageable with saidoperating end portion, a delayed action mechanism located over themaster operating member between said operating end portion and itspivotal point and including means engageable with said operating endportion of the master operating member and operable to hold the latteragainst 4 movement for a predetermined time after its release by saidtrigger, and an escapement lever governing the last mentioned means andengaged by a stop carried by said operating end portion of the mastermember and acting-to hold the escapement lever against movement when themaster operating member is in either of its extreme positions.

FRIEDRICH A. GUSTAV PIRWITZ.

